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CHAPTER 1 - THE CELL
Histology Guide
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NAME
Fig 010 Nucleus
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T. Clark Brelje
Jean Magney
University of Minnesota
Minneapolis, MN

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University of Minnesota
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Robert L. Sorenson, Ph.D.

University of Minnesota
Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development
6-160 Jackson Hall
321 Church St SE
Minneapolis, MN 55455

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Fig 010 Nucleus

Nucleus

The most conspicuous cellular structure, the nucleus, is present in all cells, except for red blood cells.

  • Chromatin (blue) - DNA bound to histones and other proteins. Exists in two forms:
    • Heterochromatin - condensed chromatin that is transcriptionally inactive
    • Euchromatin - dispersed regions of unpacked chromatin that is often actively transcribed
  • Nucleolus - number and size vary depending on the functional sate of the cell
    • Site of ribosomal RNA transcription and production of ribosomes
  • Nuclear Envelope (purple) - the nucleus is enclosed by a nuclear envelope that consists of two membranes
    • Inner Membrane - in contact with chromatin
    • Outer Membrane - continuous at several points with the endoplasmic reticulum
      • Often has bound ribosomes
  • Nuclear Pores - large complexes (~120 nm diameter) that span the nuclear envelope
    • Regulate the transport of materials between the nucleus and the cytoplasm.
© 2005-2026. T. Clark Brelje and Robert L. Sorenson